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OUTPUT PASSアウトプット限定の英検対策 ・ 1次=書く / 2次=話す / 土台=撃つ
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WRITE PASS / CORE 5

Ten reasons.
Ten fingers.

A prompt arrives. Raise three fingers across both hands. Each finger already carries eight short sentences, four for when the subject is good and four for when it is bad. Each reason is four sentences: three come from twenty fixed frames, in any order, and one is yours. The only thing left to think of is two nouns.

10
fingers
指 — 賛否の理由は10個しかない
3
sub-themes each
指1本に子テーマ3つ
4+4
trunk sentences
主語が良いもの4文 + 悪いもの4文
20
frames to back them
ポジ10 + ネガ10。自由に組む。反対側は譲歩で使う
MINE
LEFT HAND ・ 私を構成するもの
OUTSIDE ME
RIGHT HAND ・ 私を取り巻くもの
Palms down, thumbs facing each other. Tap a finger for its trunk sentences and how to back them.
THE FRAMES

Say it short, then back it up

補足の型20 — ポジ10 + ネガ10。同じ番号が対。組み合わせは自由

A short claim on its own sounds empty — a teacher called one of these sentences jargon because nothing came after it. There are ten positive frames and ten negative ones, paired by number. The claim never changes, the frame never changes, and only the nouns in the boxes do.

1How?どうやって?
POS 1 ・ BY PUTTING
[claim]by putting A in the hands of B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can help by putting A in the hands of B.
A = 渡すもの(道具・情報・選択肢)。B = 受け取る人。
B はほぼ人。複数なら冠詞なし — in the hands of farmers。
NEG 1 ・ BY CONCENTRATING
[claim]by concentrating A in the hands of B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can backfire by concentrating A in the hands of B.
A = 力・金・データ。B = 一握りの人(a few tech giants)。
B は一握りなので a few(few だと「ほとんど無い」)— a few platforms。
2So what?だから何?
POS 2 ・ WHICH MEANS LESS
[claim], which means less A and more B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can help, which means less A and more B.
A = 減るもの。B = 増えるもの。
A が数えられる名詞なら less ではなく fewer(fewer mistakes)。第109夜の much / many と同じ判定。
NEG 2 ・ WHICH MEANS MORE
[claim], which means more A and less B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can backfire, which means more A and less B.
A = 増える悪いもの。B = 減るもの。
B が数えられる名詞なら fewer(fewer jobs)。
3Why?なぜ?
POS 3 ・ LETS SEE
[claim]because it lets A see B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can help because it lets A see B.
A = 見る人。B = 見えるようになるもの。
it は宣言の主語。複数なら because they let。see の後ろは名詞だけで、文にしない。
NEG 3 ・ LEAVES BLIND
[claim]because it leaves A blind to B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can backfire because it leaves A blind to B.
A = 見えなくなる人。B = 見落とすもの。
blind to で、blind of ではない。
4Into what?何が何に変わる?
POS 4 ・ TURNING
[claim], turning A into B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can help, turning A into B.
A = 変わる前のもの。B = 良くなった後のもの。
A と B は同じ種類の名詞にそろえる — guesswork → policy / rumour → evidence。
NEG 4 ・ REDUCING
[claim], reducing A to B.
譲歩Admittedly, it can backfire, reducing A to B.
A = 価値のあるもの(人・仕事)。B = 格下げされた姿(data points / cheap labour)。
reduce A to B。into ではない。
5Show me.例えば?
POS 5 ・ NOW DOES THE WORK
[claim]. For instance, A now does the work of B.
譲歩Admittedly, A now does the work of B.
A = 小さな1つか1人。B = 前はその仕事をしていた人か組織。
A は単数なので does。複数にするなら do。
NEG 5 ・ ALONE CAN UNDO
[claim]. For instance, A alone can undo B.
譲歩Admittedly, A alone can undo B.
A = 小さな1つ(one leak)。B = 何年もかけて積み上げたもの。
A は1つなので one / a で始める — one leak alone。
6What if not?無かったら?
POS 6 ・ WOULD STILL DEPEND
[claim]. Without it, A would still depend on B.
譲歩Admittedly, without it, A would still depend on B.
A = 困ったままの人。B = 古いやり方(guesswork / paper forms)。
would の後ろは原形 — depend で、depends ではない。B は新しい道具ではなく古いやり方。
NEG 6 ・ LEFT UNCHECKED
[claim]. Left unchecked, it would leave A without B.
譲歩Admittedly, left unchecked, it would leave A without B.
A = 人。B = 失うもの。
would の後ろは原形 leave。it は宣言の主語。
7Who gains?誰が得をする?
POS 7 ・ IT FREES
[claim]. Above all, it frees A from B.
譲歩Admittedly, it frees A from B.
A = 解放される人。B = 負担。
from を落とさない。B が動作なら -ing — frees nurses from filling in forms。
NEG 7 ・ IT BURDENS
[claim]. Above all, it burdens A with B.
譲歩Admittedly, it burdens A with B.
A = 負担を背負う人。B = 負担。
with を落とさない。
8And then?その結果?
POS 8 ・ CAN FINALLY FOCUS
[claim]. As a result, A can finally focus on B.
譲歩Admittedly, A can finally focus on B.
A = 時間ができる人。B = 本当に大事なもの。
can の後ろは原形。B は名詞 — focus on patients。
NEG 8 ・ NO LONGER AFFORD
[claim]. As a result, A can no longer afford B.
譲歩Admittedly, A can no longer afford B.
A = 人。B = 前は払えた・引き受けられたもの。
afford の後ろに直接名詞 — afford a lawyer。afford for ではない。
9What do they get?何を与える?
POS 9 ・ NEVER HAD
[claim]. It gives A the B they never had.
譲歩Admittedly, it gives A the B they never had.
A = 人。B = 手に入るもの(access / a voice / the data)。
B の前に the があるので冠詞を足さない。they は A を指す(A が単数でも they)。
NEG 9 ・ ONCE HAD
[claim]. It strips A of the B they once had.
譲歩Admittedly, it strips A of the B they once had.
A = 人。B = 失うもの(control / a voice)。
strip A of B。from ではない。B の前に the があるので冠詞を足さない。
10What follows?次に何が起きる?
POS 10 ・ LEADS TO
[claim]. In turn, A leads to B.
譲歩Admittedly, A leads to B.
A = 最初の良い結果。B = それが呼ぶ、もっと大きな結果。
A は単数か数えられない名詞なので leads。複数なら lead。
NEG 10 ・ STARTS / ENDS
[claim]. It starts with A and ends with B.
譲歩Admittedly, it starts with A and ends with B.
A = 小さな始まり(one post)。B = 行き着く先(a riot)。
A は小さく、B は大きく。
FLOWS — ANY ORDER
全部を型にはしない。1段落 = 幹の文 + 型3つ + 自分の1文。型3つの組み合わせは自由。決まりは3つだけ。① 付ける型は1文に2つまで ② 1本の答案で同じ型は1回だけ ③ 反対側の型は Admittedly, で譲歩にして、次の文を However, で戻す。だから20個全部が、賛成の答案にも反対の答案にも入る。
TWO ATTACHED, THEN AN EXAMPLE1 BY PUTTING→2 WHICH MEANS LESS→5 NOW DOES THE WORK
付ける型2つで1文(どうやって → だから何)、1文の型で例えば。本人が組んだ流れ
AI conserves finite resources for generations to come by putting real-time data in the hands of every farmer, which means less waste and more water in the ground. For instance, one sensor now does the work of a crew of inspectors. Farms that measure every drop rarely overpump.
WHY, INTO WHAT, WHAT IF NOT3 LETS SEE→4 TURNING→6 WOULD STILL DEPEND
なぜ → 何が何に変わる を1文に付けて、無かったら(would)で押す
AI puts sustainability at the forefront of long-term planning because it lets governments see the real cost, turning guesswork into policy. Without it, water boards would still depend on rough estimates. Plans fail when nobody sees what is running out.
ADMITTEDLY, HOWEVER4 TURNING→5 ALONE CAN UNDO→7 IT FREES
ネガの型を Admittedly, で譲歩に入れて、次のポジの型を However, で戻す
AI shields fragile ecosystems from irreversible damage, turning raw images into early warnings. Admittedly, one false alarm alone can undo public confidence. However, it frees rangers from endless patrols. Reserves that spot trouble early can save a species.
X IS BAD, WITH A POSITIVE CONCESSION3 LEAVES BLIND→8 CAN FINALLY FOCUS→9 ONCE HAD
主語が悪いものの段落。ポジの型を譲歩に使って、ネガの型で戻す
AI depletes finite resources at an alarming rate because it leaves tech firms blind to local water shortages. Admittedly, engineers can finally focus on efficiency. However, it strips rural areas of the water they once had. One data centre can use as much water as a small town.
THE FIXED FRAME

The essay around them

答案の枠 — 冒頭2文・本論の頭3つ・結び2文は動かさない
OPEN
The idea that X Y has attracted considerable attention, prompting debate over whether Z is truly justified.
お題をそのまま名詞句にして、議論があることを言う。中身はまだ何も言わない。
STANCE
Although X, I am firmly convinced that Y, for three compelling reasons.
相手側を1回認めてから立場を言い切り、理由が三つあると宣言する。ここで指を3本立てたことになる。
BODY 1
First, with reference to W, [trunk sentence, backed]
第一に、Wに関して言えば、
BODY 2
Second, where W is concerned, [trunk sentence, backed]
第二に、Wということで言えば、
BODY 3
Finally, in the context of W, [trunk sentence, backed]
最後に、Wの文脈では、
CLOSE
In conclusion, while the opposing view has some merit, the reasons above clearly outweigh it.
相手側をもう一度認めてから天秤を傾ける。穴が1つも無い。どのお題でも、賛成でも反対でも、1文字も変えずに書ける。outweigh はここで撃つ。
CLOSE
Given X, Y and Z, I remain firmly convinced that W.
本論の頭で使った指の名詞3つと、冒頭2文目の立場をそのまま写す。新しく書く語は1つも無い。
MODEL ESSAYS

Five model essays

模範解答5本 — 30問から形式の違う5問を、幹の文 + 補足の型 + 自分の1文で
Is space exploration worth its enormous price tag?
宇宙開発は、莫大な費用に見合うか
MONEYEDUCATIONNATURE225 words
3段落とも主語が良いもの。2段落目で、反対側の型(誰が負担する)を譲歩に入れた
黒 用意した文(枠・幹の文・補足の型)緑 その場で入れた名詞紫 自分で書いた1文
INTRODUCTION

The idea that space exploration is worth its enormous price tag has attracted considerable attention, prompting debate over whether the expense is truly justified. Although the sums involved are undeniably vast, I am firmly convinced that it is worth the money, for three compelling reasons.

FIRSTMONEYX IS GOODyield tangible benefits
POS 1 BY PUTTINGPOS 2 WHICH MEANS LESSPOS 5 NOW DOES THE WORK

First, with reference to money, space exploration yields tangible benefits for ordinary households by putting satellite data in the hands of every farmer, which means less waste and more food. For instance, one satellite now does the work of a hundred stations. Forecasts that once took days now arrive in minutes.

SECONDEDUCATIONX IS GOODhone
POS 3 LETS SEENEG 7 IT BURDENS ・ 譲歩POS 9 NEVER HAD

Second, where education is concerned, space exploration hones logical thinking and encourages people to question assumptions because it lets young engineers see unsolved problems. Admittedly, it burdens taxpayers with huge bills. However, it gives students the role models they never had. Few things pull teenagers towards maths like a launch.

FINALLYNATUREX IS GOODat the forefront of
POS 4 TURNINGPOS 7 IT FREESPOS 10 LEADS TO

Finally, in the context of the environment, space exploration puts sustainability at the forefront of long-term planning, turning raw images into early warnings. Above all, it frees climate scientists from guesswork. In turn, better forecasting leads to smarter farming. Satellites now show forests shrinking almost in real time.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, while the opposing view has some merit, the reasons above clearly outweigh it. Given money, education and the environment, I remain firmly convinced that it is worth the money.

TEN FINGERS

One topic, ten fingers

お題1つを10本の指で — 30の子テーマ全部を、このお題の文にする
Are restrictions on free speech ever justified?
言論の自由を制限することは、正当化されうるか
ALL TEN ON THE YES SIDEYes. Some restrictions on free speech are justified.
番号を言って1本ずつ読む。1本の指 = 段落1つ(子テーマ1つ + 型3つ + 自分の1文) + 残りの子テーマ2つ(型1つずつ) + 締めの動詞文。 主語は1文ごとに選ぶ。制限そのものなら X IS GOOD、制限を正当化する害なら X IS BAD。
1MONEY金
SUB-THEME 1
Wealth gap
格差・貧富の差
SUB-THEME 2 ・ PARAGRAPH
Financial stability
家計の安定
SUB-THEME 3
Funding
財源・予算
黒 幹の文と補足の型緑 その場で入れた名詞紫 自分で書いた1文
PARAGRAPHSUB-THEME 2 ・ Financial stability
X IS BAD ・ X = Fraudulent advertisingput ... at risk〜を危険にさらす
NEG 4 REDUCING ・ Into what?NEG 10 STARTS / ENDS ・ Where does it end?NEG 8 NO LONGER AFFORD ・ And then?

Fraudulent advertising puts the financial stability of ordinary households at risk, reducing online shopping to a gamble. It starts with one fake review and ends with a lost pension. As a result, victims can no longer afford legal action. Most countries already regulate false advertising for exactly this reason.

詐欺的な広告は、普通の家庭の家計の安定を危険にさらし、ネット通販を賭けに変えてしまう。始まりは1件の偽レビューで、行き着く先は老後の資金を失うことだ。その結果、被害者は訴える費用すら払えなくなる。多くの国が虚偽広告をすでに規制しているのは、まさにこのためだ。
SUB-THEME 1 ・ Wealth gapX IS BAD ・ X = Unregulated financial promotion
entrench(悪い状態)を固定化させる、根付かせる
NEG 1 BY CONCENTRATING ・ How?

Unregulated financial promotion further entrenches the wealth gap between rich and poor by concentrating savings in the hands of a few promoters.

規制されていない金融の宣伝は、貯蓄を一握りの宣伝者の手に集め、豊かな人と貧しい人の格差をさらに固定化させる。
SUB-THEME 3 ・ FundingX IS BAD ・ X = Online fraud
divert ... away from(資金・注意)を〜からそらす
NEG 2 WHICH MEANS MORE ・ So what?

Online fraud diverts scarce funding away from schools and hospitals, which means more police work and less public money.

ネット詐欺は、学校や病院に回るはずの限られた財源をよそへ流す。つまり、警察の仕事が増え、公のお金が減る。
CLOSE ・ VERBX IS BAD ・ X = Gambling advertising
impose a hidden tax on〜に見えない税を課す(実質的な負担を強いる)
NEG 7 IT BURDENS ・ Who pays?

Gambling advertising can easily impose a hidden tax on ordinary families. Above all, it burdens young people with debt.

ギャンブルの広告は、普通の家庭に見えない税を簡単に課しうる。何より、若い人に借金を背負わせる。
PROMPTS

Raise three fingers for a prompt

お題 — 押すと手の上で3本が立つ
SPEAKING

When you say it out loud

喋るとき — 蝶番5本と、I think の代わり5本
FIVE HINGES
話題を立てる5本
When it comes to X,Xということで言えば、
X-wise,Xの面では、
Speaking of X,Xといえば、
As far as X goes,Xに関して言えば、
In terms of X,Xという点では、
INSTEAD OF I THINK
I think の代わり(録音36回で86回言っている)
I'd say ~〜だと思うな
The way I see it, ~俺の見方だと、
As far as I know, ~俺の知る限りでは、
I bet ~絶対〜だと思う
It seems like ~〜っぽいね
DEMO — 講師に見せる英語版 →1枚 — 日本語で全体を見る →TALK — 1つの話を80表現で話し切る(生保 / 金融業界) →
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